Heatstroke – The cause of this threatening, and sometimes even fatal paralysis is damage to the thermoregulatory center, which leads to a sharp increase in body temperature. People are most at risk of having a stroke, who stay for a long time in a very hot environment. Therefore, tourists coming to the grounds, where the air temperature is very high, they should avoid drinking alcohol and exercising.
The symptoms of a stroke are feeling unwell, partial or complete stopping of sweat production, high fever (39-41°C) and reddening of the skin. Patients develop acute headaches, motor coordination disorders and anxiety states, sometimes even with aggression. Usually they develop into delirium, accompanied by seizures. In the event of the above-mentioned symptoms, an ambulance should be immediately called and the patient should be placed in the hospital. While waiting for medical help, it is best to move the patient to a cool room, take it down, and then wrap it with a wet sheet or towel.
Mycoses – You can catch mycosis, for example, from animals or by walking barefoot on wet surfaces, in the shower or in the bathing area.
To prevent infection, wear loose clothing, preferably made of natural fibers, and avoid getting wet. If you notice any changes on the skin, it is enough to wash them with disinfectant or water and medicated soap every day, then dry thoroughly and apply a special anti-fungal powder. The sun's rays are an excellent remedy for irritated skin. Good to remember, that the cause of mycosis is often poorly washed linen and towels.
Cooling down (hypothermia) – Too much cold is as dangerous as too high a temperature – can cause hypothermia. Hikers who go hiking in the mountains should bring warm clothes, because in these areas the temperature usually drops sharply at night. Hypothermia then manifests itself, when the body loses heat faster, than it can produce, as a result of which the internal body temperature drops. It's unbelievable, how easily simple hypothermia can turn into this dangerous state for the body, resulting from the action of such factors, like the wind, soaked clothes, fatigue and hunger, even if the temperature does not drop below 0 ° C. Therefore, it is recommended to dress in layers; wool, silk, as well as some artificial fibers perfectly retain heat. The headgear must not be forgotten, as a lot of heat is lost this way, and about a raincoat, to prevent your clothes from getting wet. Going on a hike, you should take with you provisions rich in energy components, necessary for the rapid production of heat, as well as a large amount of fluids. You also need a sleeping bag or a warm blanket.
The symptoms of hypothermia are exhaustion, lack of feeling (especially in the fingers), chills, speech disorders, hyperactivity or sleepiness, balance disorders, dizziness, muscle spasms and sudden bursts of energy. Patients may behave irrationally, for example, trying to take off your clothes, arguing, that they are very warm.
First aid is to place the patient in a place sheltered from rain and wind and to dress them in warm and dry clothes.. Those suffering from this ailment are given warm drinks (never alcohol!) and high-calorie drug-digestible food. Body massage should not be performed, but let, that it warms itself up gradually. This should be sufficient in mild cases of hypothermia. Early diagnosis of the disease and proper first aid will prevent complications, which can even lead to death.
Motion sickness – The easiest way to prevent nausea while driving is to avoid eating heavy foods immediately before traveling. Tourists, who often suffer from this ailment, they should look for a place, which is least exposed to shocks while driving – close to the wings on the plane, in the middle of the bus and ship deck. Fresh air brings great relief, and reading and smoking only make things worse. This, who want to avoid nausea, advises, so that they think about it before leaving, as post-onset medications help little. The most popular drug is Aviomarin, a natural preventive measure – ginger.
Diarrhea The most common cause of diarrhea is a change in water, kitchen or climate. Diarrhea caused by the consumption of contaminated water or food that is not fresh is much more dangerous. Despite taking preventive measures
travelers suffer from this ailment very often. However, visiting Toleta several times in the absence of other symptoms is not yet alarming. Moderate diarrhea with a few bowel movements a day is not a serious disease, but only an unpleasant ailment.
Diarrhea very often leads to dehydration, especially dangerous in children, therefore, first of all you should top up your fluids. A weak tea with a little sugar is best for this, mineral water and still drinks diluted half and half with water. In more severe cases, it is necessary to supplement the deficiency of mineral salts. In pharmacies you can get special preparations containing minerals necessary for the body. The content of one bag is dissolved in a liter of water, boiled or mineral. You can also replace them with plain, sweetened water (8 teaspoons of sugar per liter of water) and serve the patient with salted crackers. Until full recovery is complete, it is imperative to adhere to the diet.
Lomotil and imodium help to relieve the symptoms of diarrhea, but they do not remove its causes, therefore they are only used when necessary, np. while traveling. Rather, children should be given an imodium, remembering, above all, to replenish fluids. These measures should not be taken in the presence of high fever or severe dehydration.
Treatment with antibiotics is necessary in the following cases:
– with bloody diarrhea, accompanied by the secretion of mucus (in this case neither imodium should be taken, ani lomotilu),
– in acute diarrhea with fever and emerging drowsiness,
– with diarrhea of more than five days,
– with severe diarrhea, if we must continue the journey.
Recommended agent (for adults only) is norfloxacin, taken in a dose 400 mg twice daily for three days, lub ciprofloxacin, dosed similarly, but in doses of 500 milligrams ch.
Bismuth subsalicylate is also very effective (Peptobismol), which two tablets or a dose 30 ml is given to adults, and the children – one tablet or 10 ml. The drug is taken every half hour or every hour, however, it is advisable not more than 8 doses throughout the day.
Diarrhea in children is most often treated with bactrim, septriem lub resprimem, whose doses depend on the body weight. The treatment lasts on average three days.
Dismissal has long been treated mainly with ampicillin, the action of which also brings the desired results.